Beginner Laravel Interview Questions in 2023

Welcome to the world of Laravel, where cutting-edge web development meets simplicity and elegance! If you’re new to Laravel and eager to kickstart your journey as a developer, you’ve come to the right place. In this guide, we’ll delve into the top beginner Laravel interview questions for the year 2023. Whether you’re preparing for your first job interview or looking to enhance your skills, these questions and answers will equip you with the essential knowledge to confidently tackle any Laravel-related challenge. Let’s dive in and discover the exciting world of Laravel!

Here are some Beginner Laravel Interview Questions & Answers to help both new and experienced developers to land their ideal job.

What is Laravel?

Laravel is a popular open-source PHP web application framework known for its elegant syntax, robust features, and developer-friendly environment. It facilitates rapid development, follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern, and offers tools to simplify everyday tasks, such as routing, database interactions, and authentication. Laravel is widely used for building modern web applications and APIs due to its extensive ecosystem and active community support.

Define Composer

It is an application-level package manager for PHP. It provides a standard format for managing PHP software dependencies and libraries.

What is HTTP Middleware in Laravel?

HTTP middleware is a technique for filtering HTTP requests. Laravel includes a middleware that checks whether the application user is authenticated or not.

Name Aggregates Methods of the Query Builder

Aggregates methods of query builder are:

1. max()
2. min()
3. sum()
4. avg()
5. count()

What is a Route & Why do we use it in Laravel?

A route is basically an endpoint specified by a URI (Uniform Resource Identifier). It acts as a pointer in the Laravel application.

Most commonly, a route simply points to a method on a controller and also dictates which HTTP methods are able to hit that URI.

Routes are stored inside files under the /routes folder inside the project’s root directory. By default, there are a few different files corresponding to the different “sides” of the application (“sides” comes from the hexagonal architecture methodology).

Explain Important Directories used in a common Laravel Application

Directories used in a common Laravel application are:

1) App Directory

The App Directory is at the heart of a Laravel application. It contains the core business logic of the application, including models, controllers, service providers, and other essential classes.

2) Bootstrap Directory

The bootstrap directory houses files necessary for bootstrapping the Laravel framework and initializing the application. It includes the app.php file, which loads the application and sets up configurations.

3) Config Directory

The config directory stores various configuration files for the application. These files contain settings for services, database connections, application behavior, and more.

4) Database Directory

The database directory is where you manage database-related files. It includes migration files to create and modify database tables, as well as seeders to populate the database with sample data.

5) Public Directory

The public directory is the web server’s document root and contains the index.php file, which serves as the entry point to the application. Public assets like CSS, JavaScript, and images are also stored in this directory.

6) Resources Directory

The resources directory holds the views, language files, and assets (CSS, JS, images) used by the application. The views subdirectory contains Blade templates for rendering the user interface.

7) Routes Directory

In the routes directory, you define all the application’s routes. The web.php file handles HTTP routes for web-based interfaces, while api.php handles routes for API endpoints.

8) Storage Directory

The storage directory stores various temporary files, such as logs, cached files, and uploaded user content. It also has subdirectories for app-specific logs and files.

9) Tests Directory

The tests directory is where you write test cases to ensure the application functions correctly. Laravel encourages test-driven development, making this directory vital for maintaining code quality.

10) Vendor Directory

The vendor directory contains all the Composer dependencies required by the application. It is automatically created when you install dependencies via Composer.

What is Controller in Laravel?

A controller is the “C” in the “MVC” (Model-View-Controller) architecture, which is what Laravel is based on.

Explain Reverse Routing in Laravel

Reverse routing is a method of generating a URL based on a symbol or name. It makes your Laravel application flexible.

Explain Traits in Laravel

Laravel traits are a group of functions that you include within another class. A trait is like an abstract class. You cannot instantiate directly, but its methods can be used in concreate classes.

Explain the concept of contracts in Laravel.

They are a set of interfaces of the Laravel framework. These contracts provide core services. Contracts defined in Laravel include the corresponding implementation of the framework.

How will you register service providers?

You can register service providers in the config/app.php configuration file that contains an array where you can mention the service provider class name.

Where will you define Laravel’s Facades?

All facades of Laravel have defined in Illuminate\Support\Facades namespace

State the difference between get and post method

Get method allows you to send a limited amount of data in the header. Post allows you to send a large amount of data in the body.

Explain dependency injection in Laravel and their types?

Dependency Injection (DI) is an important concept in Laravel and other modern PHP frameworks. It is a design pattern that allows objects to be injected or passed into a class rather than being instantiated within the class itself. This approach promotes loose coupling between classes and enhances code reusability, testability, and maintainability.

In Laravel, Dependency Injection is primarily achieved through the use of the IoC (Inversion of Control) container, which is a powerful tool for managing class dependencies. The IoC container is responsible for resolving and providing instances of classes requested by other classes.

Types of Dependency Injection in Laravel:

Constructor Injection

Constructor Injection is the most common type of DI in Laravel. It involves passing the dependencies of a class through its constructor when creating a new instance. The IoC container automatically resolves and injects the required dependencies based on their type-hinted parameters.

class SomeClass {
    private $dependency;

    public function __construct(AnotherClass $dependency) {
        $this->dependency = $dependency;
    }
}

Method Injection

In Method Injection, dependencies are passed to the methods of a class rather than the constructor. This is particularly useful when you need different dependencies for specific methods.

class SomeClass {
    public function someMethod(AnotherClass $dependency) {
        // Code that uses the $dependency
    }
}

Setter Injection

Setter Injection involves using setter methods to inject dependencies into a class. The IoC container can resolve and inject the dependencies automatically when the setters are called.

class SomeClass {
    private $dependency;

    public function setDependency(AnotherClass $dependency) {
        $this->dependency = $dependency;
    }
}

Laravel’s IoC container automatically resolves and injects dependencies, making it effortless to work with DI. You can also manually bind dependencies in the container using the bind() or singleton() methods to control how certain classes are resolved and instantiated.

What are the advantages of using Laravel?

Using Laravel as a web application framework provides numerous advantages for developers and businesses alike. Some of the key advantages of using Laravel include:

• Elegant Syntax and Developer-Friendly: Laravel follows an expressive and elegant syntax, making it easy for developers to write clean and readable code. The framework’s intuitive structure and conventions contribute to a developer-friendly environment.
• Rapid Development: Laravel’s built-in features and libraries, such as authentication, routing, caching, and database interactions, accelerate the development process. This allows developers to build web applications quickly and efficiently.
• MVC Architecture: Laravel follows the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern, which promotes separation of concerns and modularity. This makes the codebase easier to maintain, test, and scale.
• Powerful ORM (Eloquent): Laravel’s Eloquent ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) simplifies database interactions by providing an expressive and fluent syntax for working with databases. It abstracts database operations into simple PHP methods, reducing the need for raw SQL queries.
• Artisan CLI: Laravel comes with a command-line interface called Artisan, which automates repetitive tasks and provides a wide range of helpful commands for code generation, migration, testing, and more.
• Robust Authentication and Security: Laravel provides a complete and secure authentication system out of the box. It also includes features like CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) protection and secure password hashing, enhancing the application’s security.
• Middleware Support: Middleware in Laravel allows developers to filter HTTP requests entering the application. It’s useful for tasks like authentication, logging, and validation, ensuring smooth request handling.
• Blade Templating Engine: Laravel’s Blade templating engine simplifies view management and allows for reusable template components, making it easy to build consistent and dynamic user interfaces.
• Powerful Routing System: Laravel’s flexible routing system enables developers to define and manage routes easily. It supports named routes, route groups, and resourceful routing, improving the organization of web application routes.
• Active Community and Ecosystem: Laravel has a large and active community of developers, which means abundant resources, tutorials, packages, and extensions available to enhance application development.
• Unit Testing and Integration Testing: Laravel provides robust support for unit testing and integration testing, allowing developers to ensure the quality and reliability of their code.
• Continuous Updates and Improvements: The Laravel team continuously updates the framework with new features, bug fixes, and performance improvements, ensuring that the application stays up-to-date and secure.

Explain validation concept in Laravel

Validations are an important concept while designing any Laravel application. It ensures that the data is always in an expected format before it stores into the database. Laravel provides many ways to validate your data.

Base controller trait uses a ValidatesRequests class which provides a useful method to validate requests coming from the client machine.

How can you reduce memory usage in Laravel?

While processing a large amount of data, you can use the cursor method in order to reduce memory usage.

List available types of relationships in Laravel Eloquent

In Laravel Eloquent, a powerful ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) system, there are four main types of relationships that can be defined between different database tables/models:

One-to-One (1:1) Relationship:
In a one-to-one relationship, each record in the primary table is associated with only one record in the related table, and vice versa. This relationship is defined using the hasOne and belongsTo methods.

Example: A user has one profile, and a profile belongs to one user.

One-to-Many (1:N) Relationship:
In a one-to-many relationship, a single record in the primary table can be associated with multiple records in the related table. This relationship is defined using the hasMany and belongsTo methods.

Example: A user can have many posts, and each post belongs to one user.

Many-to-Many (N:N) Relationship:
In a many-to-many relationship, multiple records in the primary table can be associated with multiple records in the related table. This relationship is achieved using an intermediate pivot table that holds the associations. The belongsToMany method is used to define this relationship.

Example: Users can belong to multiple roles, and roles can be assigned to multiple users.

Has-Many-Through Relationship:
The has-many-through relationship provides a convenient way to define a relationship that involves multiple intermediary relationships. It allows you to access related records through another model. The hasManyThrough method is used to define this relationship.

Example: A country has many posts through cities, and a city has many posts.

Name databases supported by Laravel

• MySQL: One of the most widely used open-source relational databases.
• PostgreSQL: A powerful open-source object-relational database system.
• SQLite: A lightweight, file-based, self-contained database engine.
• SQL Server: Microsoft’s relational database management system.
• Oracle: Oracle Database, a widely used enterprise-level relational database.

List out common artisan commands used in Laravel

• php artisan serve:
  Start the development server and serve the application on the local host.
• php artisan make:model [ModelName]:
  Create a new Eloquent model with the specified name.
• php artisan make:controller [ControllerName]:
  Generate a new controller class with the specified name.
• php artisan make:migration [MigrationName]:
  Create a new database migration file with the specified name.
• php artisan migrate:
  Run all pending migrations and update the database schema.
• php artisan migrate:rollback:
  Rollback the last batch of migrations.
• php artisan make:seeder [SeederName]:
  Generate a new database seeder class with the specified name.
• php artisan db:seed:
  Seed the database with records defined in the database seeders.
• php artisan route:list:
  Display a list of all registered routes for the application.
• php artisan make:middleware [MiddlewareName]:
  Create a new middleware class with the specified name.
• php artisan cache:clear:
  Clear the application cache.
• php artisan config:cache:
  Cache the configuration files for faster performance.
• php artisan make:auth:
  Scaffold basic login and registration views and routes.
• php artisan make:factory [FactoryName]:
  Generate a new model factory class with the specified name.
• php artisan tinker:
  Launch the interactive REPL (Read-Eval-Print Loop) for interacting with the application.
• php artisan key:generate:
  Generate a new application key used for encryption.
• php artisan make:middleware [MiddlewareName]:
  Create a new middleware class with the specified name.